This is a handbook of some of the major physical-chemical concepts important in the preparation, determination of structure, study of structure change and understanding of elementary band structure of crystalline solids. It is designed to answer many of the conceptual questions that the author have found in his research and that of his students and colleagues. An understanding of the material of undergraduate Physical Chemistry is assumed, and the availability of more advanced texts in specialized areas of symmetry, thermodynamics, crystallography, quantum mechanics and band theory is taken for granted. It was written in the hope that it will become for many a first source for a deeper understanding of the experiments that many perform in probing crystal chemistry. Each chapter is followed by a collection of problems for which detailed solutions are provided in an appendix.