This book reflects the 1993 changes in the Singapore legal system. In 1993. the enactment of the Application of English Law Act clarified the application of English law and statutes in Singapore; that year, the jurisdiction and powers of the courts were also restructured and a single Court of Appeal was established; Singapore's first elected President also took office in 1993. In 1993, Privy Council appeals were totally abolished and the Court of Appeal issued an important Practice Statement on the binding effect of its own, and Privy Council, decisions. Measures have also been implemented to improve court procedures and reduce the backlog in the courts. The legal profession has also been affected by recent amendments to the laws which govern it.