This book is the first to develop a unified gauge theory of condensed matter systems dominated by vortices or defects and their long-range interactions. In addition to gauge fields, it introduces the important new concept of disorder fields for ensembles of line-like defects. The book presents the general differential geometry of defects in spaces with curvature and torsion and establishes contact with the modern theory of gravity with torsion. This book is written for condensed matter physicists and field theorists.