This book describes Hausdorff's ideas in functional analysis. Hausdorff's contribution to the BCH formula and to Hausdorff matrices turned out to be a clarification, development and application rather than a discovery. Nevertheless, several of Hausdorff's other inventions were original. In particular, the notion of Hausdorff dimension has become fundamental to the theory of fractals, and his notion of weakly inaccessible cardinal numbers is now regarded as the first step in the theory of large cardinals.